Top Florida Corporate Event Venues

• Spaces for 40-50 Guests
• 1 Hotel
• 1 Event Space
• 1 Meeting Space

Aloft Tampa Downtown offers a modern and energetic setting for meetings, social gatherings, and group events in the heart of the city. The hotel features flexible event spaces designed for creative meetings, cocktail receptions, and casual celebrations, with layouts that encourage connection and easy flow. Contemporary interiors, vibrant common areas, and rooftop views create an inviting atmosphere for guests before and after events. Comfortable guest rooms and convenient amenities allow attendees to stay onsite, while the downtown location places Tampa’s waterfront, dining, and entertainment within easy reach. With its fresh style and adaptable spaces, this venue supports gatherings that feel current, social, and effortless.

Inspired by the lyrics and lifestyle of singer, songwriter and author Jimmy Buffett, Margaritaville Hollywood Beach Resort is a destination resort and entertainment complex on the legendary Hollywood Beach Broadwalk. Hollywood Beach is a classic South Florida beach town that’s enchanted visitors since the 1920s. Often compared to quaint European and funky California beach towns, the character of this inviting area is all Florida. Evening strollers, morning joggers, bicyclists and roller-bladers share the brick paved, beachfront thoroughfare with those enjoying the many cafes and bars along the way. With an extensive array of amenities and a high level of hospitality, service and attention to detail, the 369-room 18-story destination resort is the perfect setting for guests to escape the everyday and just chill. Margaritaville Hollywood Beach Resort brings an entirely different resort perspective to South Florida with its unique, authentic, “no worries,” tropical vibe and the feeling of escape that is experienced immediately upon arrival. What’s your paradise? It could be as simple as a day relaxing under a beach umbrella or hanging out at the Lone Palm Beach Bar followed by a great steak and a bottle of wine for dinner at JWB Prime Steak and Seafood. Or maybe you prefer active adventure with body surfing, paddle boarding and surfing on the FlowRider. For some, paradise is a lavish menu of indulgent spa treatments to nourish the body and soul and escape the everyday. With eight casual and upscale dining and entertainment venues including Jimmy Buffett’s Margaritaville, LandShark Bar & Grill and the 5 o’ Clock Somewhere Bar & Grill – there is a place at Margaritaville Hollywood Beach Resort where you can raise a glass and take a bite out of paradise. Whatever escape you envision, we are here to take you there! Whether you’re looking for an exciting place to discover new adventures, celebrate with friends and family or indulge in a relaxing getaway, one thing is for sure, you will return home from your visit to Margaritaville Hollywood Beach Resort with unforgettable memories that will last a lifetime. Margaritaville Hollywood Beach Resort is also delighted to have received our Three Palm Certification from the Florida Green Lodging Program.

• Spaces for 80-250 Guests
• 1 Ballroom
• 2 Historic Spaces
• 2 Mansions

The Highland Manor can be found tucked away on secluded grounds in Apopka, surrounded by ancient oak trees, and is steeped in history dating back 110 years. The Apopka landmark was once a magnificent private residence, but it has since been transformed into one of the most prestigious event venues in Central Florida. Dubsdread Catering is the sole provider of catering services at this location. Come pay us a visit and you can find yourself on our sweeping veranda looking out over ancient oaks, rolling scenic vistas, and gracious spaces. All of these things provide a classic and stunning backdrop for your special Orlando wedding or event. The large, sprawling house has native woodwork and a metal roof, both of which add to its authentic and endearing qualities. The Crystal Ballroom, the Oak Room, and the Verandah, with its many glass windows, make for an ideal setting for buffets, while ceremonies or receptions are best held in the Crystal Ballroom or the Oak Room. The large bar area is both grand and spacious, making it suitable for hosting a variety of intimate cocktail functions. The gently sloping lawn that is shaded by oak trees provides breathtakingly beautiful natural settings for wedding photographs and videos. Those in search of a gorgeous natural setting for their wedding choose to have their ceremony under one of the grand oak trees instead of other venues. At The Highland Manor, weddings and other events are only produced by Dubsdread Catering, the venue's official caterer. Our award-winning cuisine, superior service staff, and our complete coordination service will ensure you enjoy the perfect event. We are able to provide you with the appropriate function room, meeting facility, or conference center for your occasion, whether it be a business event or a gathering of family and friends. To accommodate future brides, we offer a luxurious bridal suite that offers sufficient space for all of the members of the bridal party. The Highland Manor is able to host gatherings with anywhere from 10 to 250 guests for full dinner service, and as many as 350 guests for events with a less formal atmosphere.

• Spaces for 1,000 Guests
• 1 Museum
• 1 Landmark

Gulfstream Park is the right site to take your event to the next level, from the outside in to the inside out. Even the most exquisite gathering will be truly unforgettable. Corporate gatherings shine, celebrations rock the house, and even the most elegant gathering will be truly unforgettable. Our locations, from inside to trackside, set the tone for a memorable day or nighttime event. Gulfstream Park venues are already equipped with dynamic lighting, state-of-the-art sound systems and other audio-visual technology. To some, it’s all about the food. Our culinary team agrees. Enjoy custom catering from across the menu featuring delicacies from around the world, all prepared with fresh ingredients and wow-factor presentation. Our team is what sets us apart. Your event planner at Gulfstream Park will assist you in planning the perfect gathering. We'll then keep everything flowing smoothly from start to finish. Professional wait personnel are dressed elegantly for the occasion. The bartenders know how to prepare a good drink. And don't worry about parking; our valets will take care of it. Review from one of our clients: "WOW! Literally all I can say is WOW. We got married here in May 8, 2021 and it was a dream come true. Ray is literally the most AMAZING person to work with and she always had our best interest at heart. The venue was so spacious, and unique. The food on the night of our wedding was SPECTACULAR people STILL talk about it!! I’m so obsessed with how it turned out I’m so glad we chose this place with the amazing people! I couldn’t highly recommend anymore than I already do!!"

Long before our youngest daughter was old enough to marry, she tore a picture of a barn reception out of a magazine and told us, "this is exactly what I envision my wedding will look like!" She was referring to the wedding that she would one day have. As time passed, she would remark things like, "I'm beginning to believe that I'd rather just get married at home." Finally, after all those years had passed, she became engaged, and we started looking for the ideal location for the wedding. Weddings and receptions with a barn theme were just starting to catch on in popularity in the northern states, but not so much in our region. She had started a blog in her search for the ideal location for a barn wedding, and it had gained a significant number of readers. Following a two-year search in the surrounding area with no success in locating a location that was either an exact match or even close, my husband and I made the decision to construct a barn on the land that we own as a family, with the intention of hosting our daughter's wedding there and then building a boat barn after that. We had no notion what was going to happen to us in the future. We had no idea that our ideas mirrored those of other engaged couples perfectly, but it turned out that was the case. We started our company in 2013 with her ideas and our enthusiasm for designing, entertaining, and hosting events as our driving forces. The next year, in 2014, the wedding of our second daughter took place at the location. We are a family-owned and -operated company, and it is our mission to make you and your family feel as though you are right at home here, as well as to assist you in ensuring that your special day is everything you could ever have dreamed it would be! An exquisite venue in the style of a farmhouse, The Delamater House can be found tucked away in the seaside community of New Smyrna Beach, Florida. Your wedding or other event would look amazing at our venue since it combines rustic charm with a touch of sophistication to create a truly one-of-a-kind look. The Delamater House can be found near New Smyrna Beach, Florida, which is a tiny coastal beach town in the state of Florida. Only a short distance from both the coast and the old downtown area. A site that is both sophisticated and laid-back, spanning ten acres of beautifully landscaped grounds and offering numerous chances for photographs. This is a firm that is run by members of the same family. When you first come into the property, you won't be able to help but sense the warmth and friendship that this family has to offer.

• Spaces for 100 Guests
• 1 Restaurant

Sprawled across 64,000 square feet, Yuca 105 made its debut on February 29 and closed its doors weeks later because of COVID-19. But June 5th marked the restaurant's reopening. From the creative mind of chef Juan Chipoco and Luis Hoyos of CVI.CHE 105 & the influential collaboration of Janet Suarez of Y.U.C.A, an unprecedented fusion is born, fueled by the flavors of the world-renowned Peruvian cuisine and centuries of Cuban gastronomic tradition. Join us to celebrate the senses, life, art and freedom as Miami Beach braces for the first Cuban-Peruvian fusion restaurant concept. Guests at Yuca 105 are greeted in an Art Deco-inspired lobby and bar accented in pale pink and emerald green Inside, the lavish murals and custom wallpaper are reminiscent of pre-revolution Cuba, a journey back in time for those who recall life during the island’s glamor years and a treat for those who never experienced them. At YUCA 105 they tailor to any and all of your needs, providing Vegetarian Friendly, Gluten Free Options, and Vegan Options to ensure that everyone has something to enjoy. For private events send in your special food requests in advance so that the culinary team can prepare for your arival and make your night delicious and unforgettable.

• Spaces for 50 Guests
• 1 Restaurant

Tap 42 Craft Kitchen & Bar is one of the most popular upscale casual dining and drinking establishments in the area! Tap 42, named "Best Restaurant in South Florida" by the South Florida Business Journal, specializes in offering creative variations on contemporary American cuisine, as well as artisan cocktails and craft beer, in a pleasant atmosphere. Please contact us if you are interested in making a group reservation for more than 8 people at Tap 42. We are able to accommodate parties of 50 or more people and would be delighted to assist you in planning all of the arrangements so that your event runs smoothly and is a memorable experience for both you and your guests. Tap 42 is located in the heart of Coral Gables, Miami, FL, which makes it super convenient to get to, as well as being walking distance to a handful of other attractions, such as hotel, shops, landmarks, restaurants and bars. Tap 42 has several different locations, in addition to the Coral Gables location, including: - Fort Lauderdale - Boca Raton - Coral Gables - Midtown Miami - Aventura - Doral - Coral Springs - Davie - KENDALL COMING SOON Review from a customer on OpenTable: "This is a great place to enjoy yourself I have been there twice and I love it feel comfortable drinks and food is great I have been there for brunch and at night and it has been awesome great job team keep up the great work . I'm a server as well and I would love to work there."

• Spaces for 50-80 Guests
• 1 Event Space
• 1 Historic Space

The 1927 Historic Venice Train Depot is a National Register-listed Mediterranean Revival landmark in Venice, Florida, designed by the New York architectural firm Walker & Gillette and opened March 27, 1927. Restored by Sarasota County in 2002-2003, the building retains its original yellow stucco exterior, arched arcades, gently sloping red tile roof, and a 400-foot platform that once welcomed famous passenger trains including the Silver Meteor and Orange Blossom Special. Today the Depot serves as home to the Venice Area Historical Society Museum and offers three distinct rental spaces for private events: the Freight Room, the covered north-end platform, and the deck behind the historic 1974 Louisville & Nashville caboose. The campus also includes a restored 1953 Pullman Standard circus car, the Rollins W. Coakley Railroad Park, and direct access to the Legacy Trail and Venetian Waterway — an unusual setting that gives outdoor gatherings a sense of open, park-like space. Rentals are managed by Sarasota County, making the Depot an accessible and historically distinctive option for receptions, corporate events, and intimate celebrations in the heart of Venice.

• Spaces for 40-70 Guests
• 2 Hotels
• 2 Meeting Spaces

A haven made of white stone that looks out over the Mediterranean Sea, located on the seafront and only a few steps away from the sandy beach of Santo Tomás. A hotel that is not only cost-effective but also environmentally conscious, located in close proximity to the most visited historical sites and scenic inlets with gin-clear water. Every one of our professional gatherings features a high level of elegance and refinement. SIGNATURE MEETING ROOMS: With a personal touch, living area for casual talks and relaxed coffee breaks always with open windows, dramatic decoration, and best quality materials We guarantee the ideal environment for conducting business. The Meeting Gallery comes equipped with its very own private patio, as well as a separate registration area and vestibule. BUSINESS MEETINGS: We offer a diverse selection of rooms, from which you can choose to host anything from a Sales Convention to an intimate conversation in one of our Signature Rooms. MEETING CONCIERGE is available to take care of any and all aspects of the business meetings at your beck and call. SURPRISING COFFEE BREAKS: The ideal encouragement to take a break and savor delectable items that have been specifically selected for the occasion.

• Spaces for 30-160 Guests
• 4 Hotels
• 1 Ballroom
• 4 Meeting Spaces

Hilton Garden Inn Sarasota-Bradenton Airport is a newly renovated 115-room hotel situated on the border of Sarasota and Manatee County, minutes from the Sarasota-Bradenton Airport and within reach of the Ringling Museum of Art and the Powel Crosley Estate. The hotel offers 1,848 square feet of flexible event space that can be configured as a single ballroom or divided into three separate meeting rooms, accommodating groups of up to 160 guests for receptions and 130 for banquets. In-house catering is available for all events, with banquet and corporate menus prepared on premises. The hotel's 115 guest rooms include group-rate accommodations for event attendees, complemented by amenities including an outdoor pool, fitness center, and on-site restaurant and bar.

• Spaces for 12-150 Guests
• 1 Restaurant

Rococo Steak invites you to reimagine the possibilities for your distinctive private event while you are surrounded by the restaurant's exquisite decor, aristocratic service, and creative cuisine. Rococo Steak can help make any special occasion into an event that will be remembered for a very long time, from engagement parties to wedding ceremonies and receptions, as well as other social gatherings and business events. An amazing engagement party, bachelor or bachelorette party, rehearsal dinner, wedding ceremony, or reception at Rococo Steak it is the start of your happily ever after. You will be able to achieve the wedding of your dreams if you work closely with our devoted Private Events Director. This is true regardless of whether you envisage a big event or an intimate gathering. We will take care of everything for you, down to the tiniest of details, including the creation of a bespoke menu and the choosing of linens.

• Spaces for 125 Guests

Palmetto Riverside Bed & Breakfast occupies a beautifully restored 1913 home on the north bank of the Manatee River in Palmetto, Florida. Built by J.A. Lamb — son of the town's founder — the house arrived as a Sears & Roebuck catalogue kit home and has since been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Original heart pine flooring, crown molding, and period antiques are preserved throughout, alongside modern systems and amenities. The property offers six guest suites ranging from the cozy Lillie's Room to the 500-square-foot Riverview Suite, several with river or garden views. The enclosed Florida room overlooks the Manatee River and serves as the setting for gourmet multi-course breakfasts and private dining experiences. For private events, Palmetto Riverside accommodates parties of up to 20 guests in a completely private setting, with capacity for weddings, anniversary celebrations, birthday gatherings, and holiday parties. A 200-foot private pier provides Gulf boat access to the property, and the venue's sister restaurant, Château 13 in Bradenton, extends the dining options available to guests.

A holiday with the essence of urban life. Iberostar hotels, located in the heart of the city, invite guests to soak up the atmosphere and discover the city’s rhythm, people and hidden corners. They combine practicality with excitement in locations that allow guests to make the most of their stay and experience the life that thrives just a few steps from their room. Their hotels bring local food to you, along with the kind of breakfast you need for a long day of sightseeing in the city. Their staff will act as the perfect guide so you don’t miss a thing. The hotels merge with the urban setting so you can experience its atmosphere. Iberostar Berkeley transports you to the iconic style of the 1940s in the heart of Miami. The building is located right in South Beach, just a few steps away from the Atlantic Ocean, shopping areas, and some of the most sophisticated clubs in the city. Take a dip in the rooftop pool and experience true relaxation. Sunbathe on the solarium and enjoy your cocktail and the fantastic views of Collins Avenue. This boutique hotel has all of the magic of art deco design and also includes our personalized service. White sandy beaches They are reserving a special place for you on the famous beach at South Beach. When you stay at this 4-star hotel you’ll have sun loungers and towels to enjoy the Miami sunshine stress-free. Did you know that Art Deco was also the inspiration for the lifeguard huts? Take a stroll along the sand and discover these picturesque works of art. Pool with views of Miami Head up to the fourth floor and take a dip in the heated pool. The Art Deco buildings that surround you will make that swim truly special. If you prefer, you can relax on the sun terrace with views of the iconic Collins Ave and enjoy a mojito while you tan. 24/7 Fitness Center Your hotel in Miami would not be complete without a Fitness Center. Here you’ll find treadmills, bikes, weights, and everything you need to keep up with your training regimen, even during your vacation. Open 24 hours. Must be at least 16 years of age.

• Spaces for 18-80 Guests
• 2 Restaurants

Azabu Miami Beach, a Michelin-starred concept, brings together a variety of experiences under one roof, all connected together by the spirit of Omatenashi, or Japanese hospitality. The Den, a clandestine sushi counter overseen by Tokyo-trained chefs, is located beyond Azabu. Located inside The Stanton in the coveted South of Fifth neighborhood, The Den at Azabu Miami Beach elevates the local culinary scene with authentic and Japanese cuisine and transportive experiences. This hidden gem, nestled inside the Marriott Stanton on 2nd and Ocean Drive and voted New Times Best Japanese Restaurant 2018, offers a sophisticated high-end assortment of Japanese cuisine and beverages. Inside The Den, our Tokyo-trained sushi chefs will transport you to Tokyo with an unrivaled omakase style experience. With fish flown in daily from Japan, The Den is an experience like no other. Available for large groups, buyouts and private sushi-making classes. PRIVATE EVENTS Join us for birthday parties, corporate events, holiday parties, wedding rehearsal dinners, cocktail receptions, and more. There are a lot of options to pick from. From an intimate 18-person meal in our Den to a private event in our quaint dining room to dining alfresco on our terrace, we can accommodate all of your needs. Each private event will be tailored to your specific needs. Capacities: Maining Dining Room: 65 Seated / 80 Reception Outdoor Patio: 60 Seated / 85 Reception The Den: 18 Seated Only Buyouts of the entire restaurant also available. Want Azabu Miami Beach at your home or office? Our off-premise catering is also a great option.

• Spaces for 100 Guests
• 1 Barn
• 1 Farm

Have you been looking for a one of a kind destination to hold your Wedding, Rehearsal Dinner or Special Event? Swank Farm is an exciting destination in the Palm Beaches. Our farm is situated on 20 private acres of natural crops of vegetables, wild flowers, and strawberries along with cows, pigs, chickens, and more. We are an easy driving distance from Palm Beach, City Place, Wellington and Jupiter with still being able to offer the ‘on the farm charm’ you are looking for. Our pole barn is 8500 square feet of pure beauty. At dusk, candle light make the barn glow. In addition, there are numerous different locations for cocktail hours, Wedding Ceremonies and the option to add our specialized Farm Tours to any of the packages. Whether it be for a wedding, dinner party, or one of a kind event, Swank Farm is the place to be! You can include any of these items in your party package for no additional cost: - Farm Tables - Chairs - 20 x 20 Dance Floor - 3 Person Air Conditioned Bathroom Trailer - Chandeliers and Candle Lighting in Barn - String Lighting - Parking Attendant - Rustic Benches with Cushions - Pallet High Top Tables - Stage for Band or DJ - Deck for Wedding Party - Field for Ceremony - 15 x 40 Tent for Cocktail Reception We can offer a superb list of vendors that are familiar with our grounds and will make your day special, unforgettable and absolutely fabulous!

• Spaces for 65 Guests
• 1 Boat
• 1 Waterfront

Classic Harbor Line operates a fleet of classically designed yachts and schooners out of Chelsea Piers, Pier 62, on the Hudson River in New York City. The company's Yacht Manhattan — an 80-foot, 1920s-style motor yacht with a buff hull, teak decks, and mahogany trim — is one of its flagship vessels for private charters and event cruises in New York Harbor. The Yacht Manhattan accommodates up to 65 guests for private events in mild weather, with a Coast Guard certification for 85 passengers. The vessel features a signature all-glass observatory cabin that is climate-controlled year-round, full bar service, and a full-service galley offering banquet catering for everything from passed hors d'oeuvres to seated dinners. The yacht hosts weddings, rehearsal dinners, corporate events, birthday celebrations, and private group cruises against a backdrop of the Manhattan skyline, the Statue of Liberty, and New York Harbor. Classic Harbor Line's charter team works with groups to customize routes along the Hudson River and around the harbor, with cruise durations typically around 2.75 hours for a full circumnavigation of Manhattan.

• Spaces for 39-82 Guests
• 3 Hotels
• 3 Meeting Spaces

Aloft Tallahassee Downtown occupies a seven-story glass-and-brick building in the heart of downtown Tallahassee, steps from the State Capitol complex and within easy reach of Florida State University and Florida A&M University. The hotel blends contemporary industrial design with Southern hospitality, making it a distinctive setting for both corporate gatherings and social celebrations. The property features three dedicated meeting and event rooms — Tactic 1, Tactic 2, and Tactic 3 — totaling more than 2,100 square feet of flexible function space. Individual rooms accommodate up to 80 guests in theater or reception configurations, and Tactics 1 and 2 can be combined into a single larger space for events requiring more room. Built-in A/V equipment, high-speed Wi-Fi, and professional production support are available throughout. Beyond the meeting rooms, guests and clients gather at the W XYZ bar, which hosts live music, and the re:mix lounge. The outdoor pool and 24-hour fitness center round out the amenities, and the hotel's 162 guest rooms make it a natural fit for out-of-town attendees.

Thank you for getting engaged! You are currently in the fun—or intimidating?—phases of wedding preparation. Don't worry; at Bella Cosa, we are dedicated to excellence in all we do, from our magnificent event space to the services we offer. The gorgeous Lake Pierce shoreline are the location of the exclusive use wedding venue Bella Cosa. For your special day, the breathtaking views and opulent interiors offer several magical photo opportunities. With a choice of two roomy outdoor settings, you can accommodate up to 300 guests under the lovely Florida skies. You can hold your ceremony in a picturesque courtyard or beneath the romantic oaks that overlook the ocean. Up to 150 people can be accommodated indoors in our ancient lakeside lodge's ballroom, which features elegant décor and a gorgeous oak floor and is the ideal setting for your celebration. We have 11 elegantly furnished apartments for you and your guests to stay in after a night of dancing.

• Spaces for 100 Guests
• 1 Outdoor

Established in 1939 Townhouse Hotel Miami Beach provides the complete home-away-from-home experience, where making footprints on the beach is minutes away from leaving your mark in downtown Miami. Playful combinations of modern design and authentic hospitality make Townhouse Hotel Miami Beach an ideal destination for a weekend getaway or extended retreat. Where beach house charm meets old-fashioned comfort in the heart of South Beach. Conceived as a refreshing and inviting beach house, Townhouse offers accommodations and lodging with a playful combination of modern design and old-fashioned comfort at unassuming prices. Perfectly situated in the heart of South Beach and only a few steps from the beach, Townhouse serves as an ideal hideaway for a weekend getaway or an extended retreat. Host Your Event in the Heart of South Beach! Townhouse Hotel Miami Beach features nearly 7,000 square feet of flexible event space designed to inspire and engage the corporate and creative industries with well-designed, playful venue options. The TH Rooftop Lounge offers over 5,000 square feet of impressive space with stunning ocean views and a beach bungalow atmosphere. A tribute to Key Biscayne’s iconic Cape Florida Lighthouse, the venue integrates a chic combination of European style and Art Deco Miami Beach flair with authentic and comfortable hospitality. The beach bungalow inspired venue accompanied by panoramic views of South Beach trades the traditional high-end bottle service for intelligent cocktails and craft beers. The TH Rooftop Lounge brings Townhouse Hotel’s signature service, atmosphere and offerings to guests without the velvet rope. From intimate group meetings to rooftop receptions, enjoy beach bungalow design and best-in-class service for your special occasion. Over 7,000 total square feet of unparalleled, flexible indoor and outdoor space. Say your “I Do”s in the heart of South Beach. The journey starts here, with a casual engagement dinner party, a weekend-full of revelry to send off singlehood, or an exquisite beach ceremony and rooftop reception under the stars. It is truly our pleasure to host you and your loved ones during your most special occasion. Set against the iconic Art Deco backdrop of SoBe, Townhouse serves as an attractive palette for the creative arts. Our spaces offer an abundance of natural light, cutting-edge AV technology and expert onsite logistics for your next shoot or art-related endeavor.

• Spaces for 250 Guests

Bradenton Country Club is a private sports and social club founded in 1924 on Florida's Gulf Coast. Originally established as Palma Sola Country Club — its name drawn from the "solidarity palm" that once guided ships into Palma Sola Bay — the club was renamed alongside the city itself in the early twentieth century. At its heart is an 18-hole Donald Ross golf course, which the legendary architect designed after declaring the land ideal for the game. The course has been recognized as the Best Private Golf Course in Manatee County and served as the host venue for the LPGA Drive On Championship and LPGA Founders Cup in 2024 and 2025. Beyond the course, members enjoy a full-service clubhouse with fine dining, seven tennis courts, pickleball facilities, a fitness center, and a pool complex with cabanas. The club's stately setting — mature hardwood trees, manicured fairways, and a clubhouse visible from the green — reflects a century of investment in its grounds and traditions.